The English Civil War 1642–1651 was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians, Roundheads and Royalists, Cavaliers, mainly over the manner of England's governance and issues of religious freedom.

It was part of the wider Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The first 1642–1646 and second 1648–1649 wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third 1649–1651 saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament.

The wars also involved the Scottish Covenanters and Irish Confederates. The war ended with Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651.